The period reveals chemistry as the engine of biology, with decisive work establishing the chemical composition of nucleic acids and expanding nucleotide analyses to deoxypentose systems, laying a chemical basis for the genetic material concept. Advances in peptide synthesis and new acylating reagents enable more controllable formation of peptide bonds, accelerating growth in bioorganic and peptide chemistry. Analytical methods such as paper chromatography begin to become routine tools for amino acid and biomolecule analysis, while natural product chemistry uncovers biologically active compounds and broadens the scope of antimicrobial research.